It seems likely that between the 1390's and 18th
Century an effective harbour on the coast came and went, according to the
movement of the shingle bar and periodic storm damage. There may
have been periods when it was quite well developed but also periods
when it was little more than an anchorage, with no facilities for
loading, unloading or storage of goods. References during this time
include:
1275
Records of the presence of sluices
for shipping or to prevent flooding
1392
A harbour was established but probably
damaged and destroyed over the next two centuries by various storms
1670
Early piers constructed on a framework of stilts
1749
Piers and sluice constructed
1760
Ship building yard opened
1774
Public houses shown on site of
Bridport Arms
1807
Extension to East Pier
1815
Further extension of East Pier
1824
New larger harbour constructed with solid
entrance piers and River Brit diverted. Later, the Great Storm destroyed piers and caused massive
damage to harbour, properties and shipyard. Extensive repairs to the pier and harbour followed.
1832
Rapid growth in buildings
1849
13 dwellings within boundary of ship yard
1856
West Pier badly damaged during ten days of storms
1857
Bridport railway constructed
1860
John Coode constructed stone and rubble filled piers
1879
Ship building yard sold
1881
Harbour lost its bond port status - went into decline
1887
Esplanade opened and the Mound wall extended
1901
Construction of the Pavilion on the Mound
1908
Great Landslide on West Cliff
1916
Extension of the Esplanade. First bungalows built on West Cliff
1917
Storm damage to the harbour and
Promenade. Harbour Commissioners reported 8 to 10,000 cubic yards of shingle
were being removed per annum and ordered that this should stop (ineffective)
1921
Storm damage to eastern end of Esplanade
1922
Flooding of West Bay
1927
Storm - Damage in front of the Pavilion and the sea wall
1928
Esplanade damaged
1929
The Mound wall destroyed by storm and rebuilt. Opening of sea wall
1938
Flooding
1942
Major storm and extensive damage leading to demolition of the Pavilion
1944
Flooding
1950
Steel piling on East Pier
1955
Flooding due to storm
1961
West Pier piling works
1967
Programme of works on both piers
including sheet piling. Promenade construction
1968
New promenade constructed and West Cliff re-graded
1970
East Pier breached and repaired
1971
Landslide on West Cliff. Drainage installed.
East Pier breached by storms
1974
Severe storm caused flooding and damaged
shipyard housing development. Old Shipyard housing development completed
1976
West Pier emergency repairs. Last commercial ship to offload timber
1978
Exceptional storm caused extensive
damage to sea walls and freak denudation of East Beach causing great damage to
property. Rock armour placed at root of West Pier and the Mound. Works on the Esplanade
1981
Severe storm. Slumping in West Cliff
1982
Extensive repair work to the Esplanade.
18,500 tonnes of rock armour added to the sea defence over previous four
years. Commercial shingle extraction stopped
1986
Flood defence wall constructed around harbour
1987
Emergency works to West Pier. Re-grade of West Cliff
1989
Strengthening of rock armour at the root of West Pier
1991
Emergency works to East Pier
1995
Emergency repairs to West Pier. Further emergency works
1997
Loss of shingle on West Beach
2000
Emergency repairs to West Pier
2001
Decision taken for £17 million programme to
rebuild West Pier on a new alignment, new slipway with outer harbour and strengthen East Pier
Sourced from the Keystone report for West Dorset District Council
The Doomsday Book appears to suggest that ownership of the West Bay area around the
11th Century was split between Symondsbury holding the west bank for the Abbey of Cerne
and Burton Bradstock holding the east bank for the Crown. However, medieval records indicate
disputes over both beach and harbour involving a third party upstream on the River Brit; the
Borough of Bridport. 'Right of Wreck' was a contentious issue, the Abbot of Cerne and the
Prior of Frampton (for Burton Bradstock) apparently often taking legal action against the
'Borough' for removing wrecks from the foreshore. In 1280, Bridport claimed all rights to sea
wrecks on the beach and then in 1288, claimed rights to 'Take tolls from all Ships'.
Records of the harbour can be traced back to the 13th Century when sluices first
existed. The area was then known as 'Bridport Mouth'.
In the late 14th Century
around 1385, a local merchant, John Huddersfield began the construction of a harbour or 'haven'
under the instructions of King Richard II, paid for by a ½ penny levy for every
horse-load of saleable goods imported or exported. This was extended for a
further 3 years in 1388. While in 1392, The Patents Rolls records
showed that a harbour had begun.
By the mid 16th Century the estuary to Bridport Haven had deteriorated, was no longer
considered navigable and would therefore be considered as a creek.
In the 17th Century the first piers were constructed on a framework of stilts
and the area took the name of 'Bridport Harbour'.
In the 18th Century around 1721, an Act was obtained to repair the harbour, the
introduction stating: 'that by reason of a great sickness which swept away the greatest part
of the inhabitants and other accidents, the haven became neglected and choked with sand,
the piers fell to ruin and that the town suffered in consequence.'
In 1740, John Reynolds was commissioned to design a more
permanent and longer pier entrance. Sluices were also constructed and a shipbuilding
yard was established. However, in 1744 a great storm caused considerable damage.
In the 19th Century, following an Act of Parliament for the purchase of suitable
land, a larger harbour basin was constructed at a cost of £24,000 and the River Brit estuary diverted
from close to East Cliff to its present position. Robust piers of a solid construction were built.
In 1823, the harbour came under the control of the Commissioners with Bond being issued.
Later that year, the Great Storm of 1824 caused considerable damage to the piers and harbour.
In 1856, John Coode undertook extensive repairs and a rapid establishment in buildings, including
Public Houses then took place.
The majority of land in West Bay at that time was owned either by Lieutenant-General
Augustus Pitt-Rivers (to the east) or Henry Edward Fox-Strangways, the 5th Earl of Ilchester
(to the west). Together with other local entrepreneurs, they formed the West Bay
Land & Building Company.
In 1884 the Bridport Railway was
extended down to the harbour. By
now shipbuilding at the harbour was in sharp decline, so in an attempt to
transform the area into a holiday resort, The Great Western Railway (GWR)
decided to rename Bridport Harbour as ‘West Bay’. Some old 19th Century
maps refer to the sea at Bridport Harbour as West Bay, so perhaps making the renaming
of the area an obvious choice at the time.
In 1885, Edward Schroder Prior built
Pier Terrace (next to the harbour’s east pier) in an attempt to exploit the
new holiday trade.
In 1887 an Esplanade was built along the west beach’s seafront together with ‘The
Mound’ by the harbour’s west pier.
20th Century.
In 1901 a Pavilion was built upon The Mound and in 1916 the Esplanade
was extended.
In 1914, Giles Stephen Holland Fox-Strangways, the 6th
Earl of Ilchester sold West Cliff and bungalows were built on the resulting
plots of land.
Long term battles
took place between the elements and repairing of the harbour piers, Esplanade
and The Mound. Alas, The Pavilion
ultimately lost that battle in 1942 and had to be demolished following
destructive gales!
In 1958, Captain George Pitt-Rivers sold his ownership of land to the east of West Bay,
including East Cliff and a large area of Burton Bradstock.
In 1967, a new Promenade was constructed along
west cliff and the seaward side of west cliff itself reshaped to reduce land slippage.
Severe flooding to West Bay took place
in 1974 when the sea severely breached East Beach.
Various landslides took place on West
Cliff, resulting in the installation of drainage in the 1970’s and further
strengthening in the 1980’s together with extensive repair work to the
Esplanade.
21st Century.
A decision was made to spend almost £17 million to replace the West
Pier, strengthen the existing East Pier and develop a new outer harbour with
slipway. Due to the way
prevailing wind and sea currents have changed over the centuries, the harbour
entrance had been rendered unnavigable for almost 50% of the year.
A new West Pier, named 'The Jurassic Pier', built on a different angle and of a ‘Banjo
Pier’ configuration has addressed this issue.
Extensive rock armouring has also been used to hopefully protect West
Bay from serious damage and flooding in the future.
1928...Damage to Esplanade
1942...Pavilion demolished
1970...Severe storms
1970...Damage to Esplanade
1974...Floods at West Bay
1997...West Bay just before its new harbour facelift