West Bay Dorset

Origin of the Harbour

It seems likely that between the 1390's and 18th Century an effective harbour on the coast came and went, according to the movement of the shingle bar and periodic storm damage.  There may have been periods when it was quite well developed but also periods when it was little more than an anchorage, with no facilities for loading, unloading or storage of goods.  References during this time include:

1275

Records of the presence of sluices for shipping or to prevent flooding

1392

A harbour was established but probably damaged and destroyed over the next two centuries by various storms

1670

Early piers constructed on a framework of stilts

1749

Piers and sluice constructed

1760

Ship building yard opened

1774

Public houses shown on site of Bridport Arms

1807

Extension to East Pier

1815

Further extension of East Pier

1824

New larger harbour constructed with solid entrance piers and River Brit diverted.  Later, the Great Storm destroyed piers and caused massive damage to harbour, properties and shipyard.  Extensive repairs to the pier and harbour followed.

1832

Rapid growth in buildings

1849

13 dwellings within boundary of ship yard

1856

West Pier badly damaged during ten days of storms

1857

Bridport railway constructed

1860

John Coode constructed stone and rubble filled piers

1879

Ship building yard sold

1881

Harbour lost its bond port status - went into decline

1887

Esplanade opened and the Mound wall extended

1901

Construction of the Pavilion on the Mound

1908

Great Landslide on West Cliff

1916

Extension of the Esplanade.  First bungalows built on West Cliff

1917

Storm damage to the harbour and Promenade.  Harbour Commissioners reported 8 to 10,000 cubic yards of shingle were being removed per annum and ordered that this should stop (ineffective)

1921

Storm damage to eastern end of Esplanade

1922

Flooding of West Bay

1927

Storm - Damage in front of the Pavilion and the sea wall

1928

Esplanade damaged

1929

The Mound wall destroyed by storm and rebuilt.  Opening of sea wall

1938

Flooding

1942

Major storm and extensive damage leading to demolition of the Pavilion

1944

Flooding

1950

Steel piling on East Pier

1955

Flooding due to storm

1961

West Pier piling works

1967

Programme of works on both piers including sheet piling.  Promenade construction

1968

New promenade constructed and West Cliff re-graded

1970

East Pier breached and repaired

1971

Landslide on West Cliff. Drainage installed.  East Pier breached by storms

1974

Severe storm caused flooding and damaged shipyard housing development.  Old Shipyard housing development completed

1976

West Pier emergency repairs.  Last commercial ship to offload timber

1978

Exceptional storm caused extensive damage to sea walls and freak denudation of East Beach causing great damage to property.  Rock armour placed at root of West Pier and the Mound.  Works on the Esplanade

1981

Severe storm.  Slumping in West Cliff

1982

Extensive repair work to the Esplanade.  18,500 tonnes of rock armour added to the sea defence over previous four years.  Commercial shingle extraction stopped

1986

Flood defence wall constructed around harbour

1987

Emergency works to West Pier. Re-grade of West Cliff

1989

Strengthening of rock armour at the root of West Pier

1991

Emergency works to East Pier

1995

Emergency repairs to West Pier.  Further emergency works

1997

Loss of shingle on West Beach

2000

Emergency repairs to West Pier

2001

Decision taken for £17 million programme to rebuild West Pier on a new alignment, new slipway with outer harbour and strengthen East Pier

Sourced from the Keystone report for West Dorset District Council

 

West Bay - Dorset

Harbour Heritage

The Doomsday Book appears to suggest that ownership of the West Bay area around the 11th Century was split between Symondsbury holding the west bank for the Abbey of Cerne and Burton Bradstock holding the east bank for the Crown.  However, medieval records indicate disputes over both beach and harbour involving a third party upstream on the River Brit; the Borough of Bridport.  'Right of Wreck' was a contentious issue, the Abbot of Cerne and the Prior of Frampton (for Burton Bradstock) apparently often taking legal action against the 'Borough' for removing wrecks from the foreshore.  In 1280, Bridport claimed all rights to sea wrecks on the beach and then in 1288, claimed rights to 'Take tolls from all Ships'.

Records of the harbour can be traced back to the 13th Century when sluices first existed.  The area was then known as 'Bridport Mouth'.

In the late 14th Century around 1385, a local merchant, John Huddersfield began the construction of a harbour or 'haven' under the instructions of King Richard II, paid for by a ½ penny levy for every horse-load of saleable goods imported or exported.  This was extended for a further 3 years in 1388.  While in 1392, The Patents Rolls records showed that a harbour had begun.

By the mid 16th Century the estuary to Bridport Haven had deteriorated, was no longer considered navigable and would therefore be considered as a creek.

In the 17th Century the first piers were constructed on a framework of stilts and the area took the name of 'Bridport Harbour'.

In the 18th Century around 1721, an Act was obtained to repair the harbour, the introduction stating:
'that by reason of a great sickness which swept away the greatest part of the inhabitants and other accidents, the haven became neglected and choked with sand, the piers fell to ruin and that the town suffered in consequence.'

In 1740, John Reynolds was commissioned to design a more permanent and longer pier entrance.  Sluices were also constructed and a shipbuilding yard was established.  However, in 1744 a great storm caused considerable damage.

In the 19th Century, following an Act of Parliament for the purchase of suitable land, a larger harbour basin was constructed at a cost of £24,000 and the River Brit estuary diverted from close to East Cliff to its present position.  Robust piers of a solid construction were built.  In 1823, the harbour came under the control of the Commissioners with Bond being issued.

Later that year, the Great Storm of 1824 caused considerable damage to the piers and harbour.

In 1856, John Coode undertook extensive repairs and a rapid establishment in buildings, including Public Houses then took place.

The majority of land in West Bay at that time was owned either by Lieutenant-General Augustus Pitt-Rivers (to the east) or Henry Edward Fox-Strangways, the 5th Earl of Ilchester (to the west).  Together with other local entrepreneurs, they formed the West Bay Land & Building Company.

In 1884 the Bridport Railway was extended down to the harbour.  By now shipbuilding at the harbour was in sharp decline, so in an attempt to transform the area into a holiday resort, The Great Western Railway (GWR) decided to rename Bridport Harbour as ‘West Bay’.  Some old 19th Century maps refer to the sea at Bridport Harbour as West Bay, so perhaps making the renaming of the area an obvious choice at the time.

In 1885, Edward Schroder Prior built Pier Terrace (next to the harbour’s east pier) in an attempt to exploit the new holiday trade.

In 1887 an Esplanade was built along the west beach’s seafront together with ‘The Mound’ by the harbour’s west pier.

20th Century.  In 1901 a Pavilion was built upon The Mound and in 1916 the Esplanade was extended.

In 1914, Giles Stephen Holland Fox-Strangways, the 6th Earl of Ilchester sold West Cliff and bungalows were built on the resulting plots of land.

Long term battles took place between the elements and repairing of the harbour piers, Esplanade and The Mound.  Alas, The Pavilion ultimately lost that battle in 1942 and had to be demolished following destructive gales!

In 1958, Captain George Pitt-Rivers sold his ownership of land to the east of West Bay, including East Cliff and a large area of Burton Bradstock.

In 1967, a new Promenade was constructed along west cliff and the seaward side of west cliff itself reshaped to reduce land slippage.

Severe flooding to West Bay took place in 1974 when the sea severely breached East Beach.

Various landslides took place on West Cliff, resulting in the installation of drainage in the 1970’s and further strengthening in the 1980’s together with extensive repair work to the Esplanade.

21st Century.  A decision was made to spend almost £17 million to replace the West Pier, strengthen the existing East Pier and develop a new outer harbour with slipway.  Due to the way prevailing wind and sea currents have changed over the centuries, the harbour entrance had been rendered unnavigable for almost 50% of the year.  A new West Pier, named 'The Jurassic Pier', built on a different angle and of a ‘Banjo Pier’ configuration has addressed this issue.  Extensive rock armouring has also been used to hopefully protect West Bay from serious damage and flooding in the future.



1928...Damage to Esplanade              1942...Pavilion demolished



1970...Severe storms                     1970...Damage to Esplanade



1974...Floods at West Bay



1997...West Bay just before its new harbour facelift

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1899...View from East Cliff


1902...The Esplanade


1910...The Pavilion on The Mound


1913...The Harbour


1922...View from West Cliff


1929...The new sea wall on West Beach


1930...View from West Cliff


1930...View from East Cliff


1955...View from East Cliff


1955...View of Esplanade


1967...New Promenade construction